All students in those two years are in the sample. For these samples, each member of the population did not have an equally likely chance of being chosen. Scott Keeter et al., Gauging the Impact of Growing Nonresponse on Estimates from a National RDD Telephone Survey, Public Opinion Quarterly 70 no. A defective counting device can cause a nonsampling error. One-third of a number when decreased by 2 equals one-fifth of the nimenbe Find the number. You go to the supermarket and purchase three cans of soup (19 ounces) tomato bisque, 14.1 ounces lentil, and 19 ounces Italian wedding), two packages of nuts (walnuts and peanuts), four different kinds of vegetable (broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, and carrots), and two desserts (16 ounces Cherry Garcia ice cream and two pounds (32 ounces chocolate chip cookies). In today's changing times, pursuing a career in this subject is known to provide some of the most sought professional options. Intraobserver repeatability for a standardized protocol to quantify Create a cluster sample by considering each state as a stratum (group). The amount of money they spend on books is probably much less than the average parttime student. A continuous data set because there are infinitely mamy possible values and those values cannot be counted. Solved State whether the data described below are discrete - Chegg It is easy in many cases, discrete data is preceded by the number of, which makes the differentiation of results easier. B. For example, the sample may not be large enough. It can be the version of an android phone, the height of a person, the length of an object, etc. Can we have both discrete data and continuous data from the same experiment? 1.2.13 State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why.The times required by students to complete a statistics test Choose the correct answer below. Read the study carefully to evaluate the work. This page titled 1.2: Variables and Types of Data is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. O A. Now, suppose we take a third sample. For accuracy, carry the decimal answers to four decimal places. according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. The distance from G to H in Discrete and Continuous Data - Definitions, Examples - VEDANTU Discrete is data that can take only certain values. To do so, the ship must sail between two pairs of islands, avoiding sailing between a third p The data are because.continuous the data can only take on specific values C. Your email address will not be published. 10. You may wrap around (go back to the beginning). , i.e. We choose ten different part-time students from the disciplines of chemistry, math, English, psychology, sociology, history, nursing, physical education, art, and early childhood development. 8. To find out the most popular cereal among young people under the age of ten, stand outside a large supermarket for three hours and speak to every twentieth child under age ten who enters the supermarket. . However, students shall understand that it is important for them to recognize their interests and based on that, select the best career path possible. Each method has pros and cons. on any value in an interval . Over time, some continuous data can change. Besides simple random sampling, there are other forms of sampling that involve a chance process for getting the sample. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Surveys mailed to households and then returned may be very biased (they may favor a certain group). A. If you and your friends carry backpacks with books in them to school, the numbers of books in the backpacks are discrete data and the weights of the backpacks are continuous data. The other examples of qualitative data are : Difference between Nominal and Ordinal Data, Difference between Discrete and Continuous Data, 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert, PGP In Data Science and Business Analytics, PGP In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Nominal data cant be quantified, neither they have any intrinsic ordering, Ordinal data gives some kind of sequential order by their position on the scale, Nominal data is qualitative data or categorical data, Ordinal data is said to be in-between qualitative data and quantitative data, They dont provide any quantitative value, neither can we perform any arithmetical operation, They provide sequence and can assign numbers to ordinal data but cannot perform the arithmetical operation, Nominal data cannot be used to compare with one another, Ordinal data can help to compare one item with another by ranking or ordering, Discrete data are countable and finite; they are whole numbers or integers, Continuous data are measurable; they are in the form of fractions or decimal, Discrete data are represented mainly by bar graphs, Continuous data are represented in the form of a histogram, The values cannot be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, The values can be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, Discrete data have spaces between the values, Continuous data are in the form of a continuous sequence, Opinion on something (agree, disagree, or neutral), Colour of hair (Blonde, red, Brown, Black, etc. Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. This section will describe a few of the most common methods. The number of books in a rack is a finite countable number. For example, you can not have a natural order for apple, orange, and banana. For qualitative data, if the list can be sorted naturally, we further specify it as an ordinal variable. It may take any numeric value, within a potential value range of finite or infinite. Suppose we take two different samples. Besides herself, Lisas group will consist of Marcierz, Cuningham, and Cuarismo. In a college population of 10,000 people, suppose you want to pick a sample of 1,000 randomly for a survey. Log on to our website and explore courses delivered by industry experts. We all know that time is very important, it doesnt wait for anyone. State whether the data described below are discrete - Course Hero Quick Check Introduction to Data Science. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Continuous Data Examples: Measurement of height and weight of a student, Daily temperature measurement of a place, Wind speed measured daily, etc. Non-response or refusal of subject to participate: The collected responses may no longer be representative of the population. A stated earlier, Lengths are in general, continuous variables. The amount of money they spend on books is as follows: $128; $87; $173; $116; $130; $204; $147; $189; $93; $153. To four decimal places, these numbers are equivalent (0.0999). Lisa reads two-digit groups until she has chosen three class members (that is, she reads 0.94360 as the groups 94, 43, 36, 60). Two students carry three books, one student carries four books, one student carries two books, and one student carries one book. The graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\) is a Pareto chart. We may prefer not to think of 10,00,100 and 10,00,102 as crucially different values, but instead as nearby points on an approximate continuum. To find the average annual income of all adults in the United States, sample U.S. congressmen. (2012), D is the discrete character data, z is a particular character mapping, and are the parameters of the hOUwie model. The data are continuous because (a) Is the data discrete or continuous? Why? (b) Prepare a freq | Filo Quantitative data, on the other hand, is one that contains numerical values and uses a scope. For example, if the population is 25 people, the sample is ten, and you are sampling with replacement for any particular sample, then the chance of picking the first person is ten out of 25, and the chance of picking a different second person is nine out of 25 (you replace the first person). The data . However, generally, we use age as a discrete, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. What type of data is this? For example, the number of desks in an office, the number of times a dice is rolled, the number of telephone calls received, etc. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. Look at Figures \(\PageIndex{3}\) and \(\PageIndex{4}\) and determine which graph (pie or bar) you think displays the comparisons better. Question: State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. the data can only take on specific values . You count discrete data. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Misleading use of data: improperly displayed graphs, incomplete data, or lack of context. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. If we were to examine two samples representing the same population, even if we used random sampling methods for the samples, they would not be exactly the same. B. Whenever you face any problem the best solution is consulting the concerned teacher, you should never hesitate to ask for doubts. . To determine the average cost of a two-day stay in a hospital in Massachusetts, survey 100 hospitals across the state using simple random sampling. we conducted an additional simulated control chart analysis to determine whether detection of this normal . Most samples are taken from large populations and the sample tends to be small in comparison to the population. feet, 190 sq. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Often, people with strong positive or negative opinions may answer surveys, which can affect the results. The data will be quantitative, say 2+3 (=5) apples. . The actual process of sampling causes sampling errors. You will learn why when you study confidence intervals. Those 100 students are the sample. B. If the survey is done well, the answer is yes. These values do not have to be complete numbers, but they are values that are fixed. Compare the fractions 999/10,000 and 999/9,999. However, in the real world age is often treated as a discrete variable because it makes more sense when collecting data and when reporting the results of a study. Record the number. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and Variation is present in any set of data. Just as there is variation in data, there is variation in samples. The result of the rolling is a dice is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Discrete Data Examples: The number of students in a class, the number of chocolates in a bag, the number of strings on the guitar, the number of fishes in the aquarium, etc. 26. y's house is at D, 750 feet from the intersection. O A. If you count the number of phone calls you receive for each day of the week, you might get values such as zero, one, two, or three. 13. When a car is randomly selected, it is found to have 3 wipers. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. . Number the population 120,000 and then use a simple random sample to pick a number that represents the first name in the sample. Be aware that as you take data, your data may vary somewhat from the data someone else is taking for the same purpose. A large ship is sailing between three small islands. The tables display counts (frequencies) and percentages or proportions (relative frequencies). Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In reality, a sample will never be exactly representative of the population so there will always be some sampling error. discrete because the data can only. The first sample probably consists of science-oriented students. Whether you are a data scientist, marketer, businessman, data analyst, researcher, or you are in any other profession, you need to play or experiment with raw or structured data. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. Each random number may only contribute one class member. Collecting data carelessly can have devastating results. Biased samples that are not representative of the population give results that are inaccurate and not valid. B. Which two towers are closest together. For instance, hair color might be black, dark brown, light brown, blonde, gray, or red. It is from a continuousdata set because 218+ Consultants 4.7 Satisfaction rate pair starts due east and then turns 50 toward north. We are interested in the average amount of money a part-time student spends on books in the fall term. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. 24 people said theyd prefer more talk shows, and 176 people said theyd prefer more music. Note: randInt(0, 30, 3) will generate 3 random numbers. In other words, each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why The speeds of the different people walking in a park Choose the correct answer below. A pie chart cannot be used. A medical researcher interviews every third cancer patient from a list of cancer patients at a local hospital. Statistical data needs to be critically analyzed, not simply accepted. Quantitative data are always numbers. These data are represented mainly by a bar graph, number line, or frequency table. Thats why it is also known as Categorical Data. Ivy's house is at E, 750 feet from the intersection. All members of the four departments with those numbers are the cluster sample. Use the column numbers: one through six. state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of To choose a simple random sample of size three from the other members of her class, Lisa could put all 31 names in a hat, shake the hat, close her eyes, and pick out three names. For column 1, Press 5:randInt( and enter 1,10). Press 5:randInt( and enter 1,6). A. classes and taking every fifth senior citizen on the list, for a total of ten senior citizens. Complex numbers and fluctuating data values that be measured over a defined time frame are referred to as continuous data. You measure continuous data. Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data set. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. As a rule, the larger the sample, the smaller the sampling error. Most of these students are, more than likely, paying more than the average part-time student for their books. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. C. The data are discrete because the data can . Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data All data that are the result of measuring are quantitative continuous data assuming that we can measure accurately. Excelling your basic knowledge about the subject promotes conceptual learning and hence, you can easily get familiar with new concepts too. Keep counting ten quiz scores and recording the quiz score until you have a sample of 12 quiz scores. data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring attributes of a population. Asking all 10,000 students is an almost impossible task. Procrastination isnt even the last option if you are preparing for a statistics exam. The class boundaries are 10 to less than 13, 13 to less than 16, 16 to less than 19, 19 to less than 22, and 22 to less than 25. The colors red, black, black, green, and gray are qualitative data. The data she collects are summarized in the pie chart Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). You cannot expect your brain to work nicely with hundreds of thoughts, it will only create a mess. Two positions of an open gate are shown. It is a good idea to look at a variety of graphs to see which is the most helpful in displaying the data. Your IP: Which pair is farther from camp? State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. The areas of the lawns are 144 sq. If you feel like your doubt is stupid and you skip it rather than ask it, it is not the correct approach. ), Education Level (Higher, Secondary, Primary), Total numbers of students present in a class, The total number of players who participated in a competition. according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. From that number, count ten quiz scores and record that quiz score. A discrete variable, on the other hand, can only take on specific values. In the graph, the percentages add to more than 100% because students can be in more than one category. The data are the number of books students carry in their backpacks. In this article, we have discussed the data types and their differences. The discrete data are countable and have finite values; their subdivision is not possible. Continuous data: When numerical data has . Press ENTER two more times for the other 2 random numbers. A variable is said to be continuous if it can take on any value in an interval. the distance it is from your home to the nearest grocery store. Notice that the frequencies do not add up to the total number of students. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers, XXXVII Roman Numeral - Conversion, Rules, Uses, and FAQs, Find Best Teacher for Online Tuition on Vedantu. If she needed to, Lisa could have generated more random numbers. Other well-known random sampling methods are the stratified sample, the cluster sample, and the systematic sample. Statistics involves organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and representing data. When you analyze data, it is important to be aware of sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Measurements of the amount of beverage in a 16-ounce can may vary because different people make the measurements or because the exact amount, 16 ounces of liquid, was not put into the cans. Number of bacteria in a petri dish is 12,120. Causality: A relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other to occur. For example, in the case of statistics, algebra is a good option to learn before starting your statistics course. Each student in the following samples is asked how much tuition he or she paid for the Fall semester. To choose a simple random sample from each department, number each member of the first department, number each member of the second department, and do the same for the remaining departments. Most data can be put into the following categories: Qualitative data are the result of categorizing or describing attributes of a population. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in your town, and number of students who take statistics are examples of quantitative data. Statistics is a quite tough subject but for those who know how to use their mind, its the best one for them as it involves more practical knowledge and conceptual learning. For example, call-in surveys are invariably biased, because people choose to respond or not. A high school educational researcher interviews 50 high school female teachers and 50 high school male teachers. The following graph is the same as the previous graph but the Other/Unknown percent (9.6%) has been included. A study is done to determine the average tuition that San Jose State undergraduate students pay per semester. It is countable. B. C. The data are The numbers of programs installed on various computers ANSWERA.) How to Calculate the Percentage of Marks? the type of car you drive. Instead of that, just revise what youve already done. air. Be aware that many large samples are biased. The amount a person grew (in height) in a year. The road from A to E and the road from C and D are perpendicular and intersect at point F. Theresa's house is at C, 500 feet from the intersection. Common problems to be aware of include. If Doreen and Jung took larger samples (i.e. Press ENTER 15 times and record the numbers. The departments are the clusters. A bar graph is appropriate to compare the relative size of the categories. For this example, suppose Lisa chooses to generate random numbers from a calculator. For the purpose of analysis, data are presented as the facts and figures collected together. Once you are clear with the basic concept, you shall be able to understand additional concepts easily. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. Since these samples are not representative of the entire population, is it wise to use the results to describe the entire population? Over time, some continuous data can change. the number of data values is increased), their sample results (the average amount of time a student sleeps) might be closer to the actual population average. A soccer coach selects six players from a group of boys aged eight to ten, seven players from a group of boys aged 11 to 12, and three players from a group of boys aged 13 to 14 to form a recreational soccer team. Also, in both cases, not all students have a chance to be in either sample. Dynamic models of epidemiology in discrete time taking into account The color of hair can be considered nominal data, as one color cant be compared with another color. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. OC. Data that takes distinct values and cannot be in decimals is called discrete data. It is further classified as discrete data and continuous data. Starting with that student, every 50th student is chosen until 75 students are included in the sample. There are particular calculators for different statistics exams and having good knowledge about their use and implementation would be great. You can go for many of the career options if you pursue stats, you can get detailed information about all of the above-mentioned choices and also many more careers on the online website of Vedantu which tells the full forms and also the detailed explanation of each one of them. If we have quantitative data, such as the correct number of questions on a test, then the data can be continuous or discrete. The data are the colors of backpacks. Another example is learning how to use calculators. A. Learn data analytics or software development & get guaranteed* placement opportunities. a. We might make different choices of what we think is the best graph depending on the data and the context. No. If all the money in the 555, find the number of 10 coins in it 12. A discrete data set because there are a finite number of possible values. For example, suppose Lisa wants to form a four-person study group (herself and three other people) from her pre-calculus class, which has 31 members not including Lisa. Tips and Tricks to study Discrete and Continuous Data, Age is discrete data because we could be infinitely precise and use an infinite number of decimal places, rendering age continuous as a result. A local radio station has a fan base of 20,000 listeners. Record the number. Work more on basics as they form the basis for many other concepts. How to differentiate the obtained results as discrete and continuous data? The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. B.The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Both samples are biased. The weights (in pounds) of their backpacks are 6.2, 7, 6.8, 9.1, 4.3. The percent columns make comparing the same categories in the colleges easier. Three cell phone towers form APQR. An administrative assistant is asked to stand in front of the library one Wednesday and to ask the first 100 undergraduate students he encounters what they paid for tuition the Fall semester. 5. on any value in an interval . Record the number and the first quiz score. One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. The data are continuous because Solved CS State whether the data described below are - Chegg Difference Between Continuous and Discrete Data, Questions on Discrete Data Continuous Data. Sample size issues: Samples that are too small may be unreliable. First, we use convenience sampling and survey ten students from a first term organic chemistry class. continuous, and explain why. You sample five gyms. The discrete data contain the values that fall under integers or whole numbers. Factors not related to the sampling process cause nonsampling errors. Data is the new oil. Today data is everywhere in every field. 1: 23-54 (2012), ssh.dukejournals.org/content/36/1/23.abstract (accessed May 1, 2013). It is also important to know what kind of plot is suitable for which data category; it helps in data analysis and visualization. These data consist of audio, images, symbols, or text. Show how you know. Try this experiment twice. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. It helps you in saving time later as you already have some knowledge about algebra. a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct discrete because the data can only take on specific values . CS State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. Discrete data is a sort of numerical data that consists of full, concrete numbers that have particular and fixed data values that are determined by counting. In this situation, create a bar graph and not a pie chart. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Why or why not? Math 227 - Statistics Flashcards | Quizlet Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. State whether the data described below are discrete or To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a proportionate number from each stratum. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Do you think that this sample is representative of (or is characteristic of) the entire 20,000 listener population? State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why The amounts of time that different brands' batteries last in a CD player. A sample that is not representative of the population is biased. c. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. O A. Your answer is correct. O C. The data are continuous because the data can. The ordinal data only shows the sequences and cannot use for statistical analysis. You must choose 400 names for the sample. The data are the number of machines in a gym. It is understandable that it must be making you feel nervous right now but your emotions are valid! O C. Press ENTER. Using a calculator, random numbers are generated and a student from a particular discipline is selected if he or she has a corresponding number. The quiz scores (20 of them) in these 2 columns are the cluster sample. Determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous data set Record these numbers. Notice how much larger the percentage for part-time students at Foothill College is compared to De Anza College. A continuous data set because there are infinitely many possible values and those values cannot be counted. Think about what contributes to making Doreens and Jungs samples different. Convenience sampling involves using results that are readily available. Doreen and Jung each take samples of 500 students. This data helps a company analyze its business, design its strategies, and help build a successful data-driven decision-making process.